A. Liebhold's publications as of 1 June, 2009


(ISI ResearcherID: C-1423-2008)

Yamanaka, T. and A.M. Liebhold. 2009. Mate-location failure, the Allee effect, and the establishment of invading populations. Population Ecology 51: 337-340. DOI 10.1007/s10144-009-0158-0 PDF

Kramer, A.M., B. Dennis, A.M. Liebhold and J.M. Drake. 2009. The evidence for Allee effects. Population Ecology 51: 341-354. DOI 10.1007/s10144-009-0152-6 PDF

Tobin, P.C., C. Robinet, D.M. Johnson, S.L. Whitmire, O.N. Bjørnstad, and A.M. Liebhold. 2009. The role of Allee effects in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) invasions. Population Ecology 51: 373-384. DOI 10.1007/s10144-009-0144-6 PDF

Yamanaka, T. and A.M. Liebhold. Spatially implicit approaches to understanding the manipulation of mating success for insect invasion management. Population Ecology 51: 427-444. DOI 10.1007/s10144-009-0155-3 PDF

Holmes, T.P., J.E. Aukema, B.VonHolle, A. Liebhold and E. Sills. 2009. Economic Impacts of Invasive Species in Forests Past, Present, and Future. The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1162: 18–38. (DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04446.x) PDF

Haynes, K.J, A.M. Liebhold and D.M. Johnson. 2009. Spatial analysis of harmonic oscillation in gypsy moth outbreak intensity. Oecologia 159:249–256 (DOI 10.1007/s00442-008-1207-7) PDF

Kelly, D., W.D. Koenig, and A.M. Liebhold. 2008. An intercontinental comparison of the dynamic behavior of mast seeding communities. Population Ecology 50: 329–342 (DOI 10.1007/s10144-008-0114-4) PDF

Bjørnstad, O.N.,A.M. Liebhold and D.M. Johnson. 2008. Transient synchronization following invasion: revisiting Moran’s model and a case study. Population Ecology 50:379–389 (DOI 10.1007/s10144-008-0105-5) PDF

Robinet, C., D. R. Lance, K. W. Thorpe, K. S. Onufrieva, P. C. Tobin and A. M. Liebhold. 2008. Dispersion in time and space affect mating success and Allee effects in invading gypsy moth populations. Journal of Animal Ecology 77: 966–973 (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01417.x) PDF

Bogich, T.L., A.M. Liebhold, and K. Shea. 2008. To sample or eradicate? A cost minimization model for monitoring and managing an invasive species Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 1134–1142. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. 2008. Warder Allee’s escape from obscurity (book review). Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 297-298. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., Naoto Kamata, Marek Turcáni. 2008. Inference of Adult Female Dispersal from the Distribution of Gypsy Moth Egg Masses in a Japanese City. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 10: 69–73 PDF

Liebhold, A.M., P.C. Tobin. 2008. Population Ecology of Insect Invasions and Their Management. Annual Review of Entomology 53:387–408. PDF

Morin, R.S., A.M. Liebhold, P.C. Tobin, K.W. Gottschalk and E. Luzader. 2007. Spread of Beech Bark Disease in the Eastern United States and its Relationship to Regional Forest Composition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 726-736. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., A.A. Sharov, and P.C. Tobin. 2007. Population Biology of Gypsy Moth Spread. pp. 15-32 in “Slow the Spread: A National Program to Manage the Gypsy Moth” (P.C. Tobin and L.M. Blackburn, eds.) USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station General Technical Report NRS-6. PDF

Robinet, C., A. Liebhold, D. Gray. 2007. Variation in developmental time affects mating success and Allee effects. Oikos 116: 1227-1237. PDF

Tobin, P.C., A.M. Liebhold and E.A. Roberts. 2007. Comparison of methods for estimating the spread of a non-indigenous species. Journal of Biogeography 34: 305–312 PDF

Esper, J., U. Buntgen, David C. Frank, Daniel Nievergelt and A. Liebhold. 2007. 1200 years of regular outbreaks in alpine insects. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274: 671–679 PDF

Tobin, P.C., S.L. Whitmire, D.M. Johnson, O.N. Bjornstad and A.M. Liebhold. 2007. Invasion speed is affected by geographic variation in the strength of Allee effects. Ecology Letters, 2007 10: 36–43 PDF

Johnson, D.M., A.M. Liebhold, P.C. Tobin and O.N. Bjornstad. 2006. Allee effects and Pulsed invasion by the gypsy moth. Nature 444: 361-263 PDF

Liebhold, A.M. and P.C. Tobin. 2006. Growth of newly established alien populations: comparison of North American gypsy moth colonies with invasion theory. Population Ecology 48: 253-262 PDF

McCullough, D.G., T.T. Work, J.F. Cavey, A.M. Liebhold and D. Marshall. 2006. Interceptions of nonindigenous plant pests at US ports of entry and border crossings over a 17-year period. Biological Invasions 8: 611–630 PDF

Johnson, D. M., A.M. Liebhold and O. N. Bjornstad. 2006. Geographical variation in the periodicity of gypsy moth outbreaks. Ecography 29: 367-374. PDF

Nansen, C., A. Liebhold and P. Tobin. 2006. Contour Mapping and Number of Point Observations. Journal of Economic Entomology 99: 599-600. (letter to the editor) PDF

Johnson, D. M., O. N. Bjornstad, and A.M. Liebhold. 2006. Landscape mosaic induces traveling waves in insect outbreaks. Oecologia 148: 51–60. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., T.T. Work, McCullough, D.G. and J.F. Cavey. 2006. Airline Baggage as a Pathway for Alien Insect Species Entering the United States. American Entomologist 52: 48-54. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., D.M. Johnson and O.N. Bjornstad. 2006. Geographic variation in density-dependent dynamics impacts the synchronizing effect of dispersal and regional stochasticity. Population Ecology 48:131–13. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. 2006. Demilitarizing invasion biology (letter to the editor). Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 4: 66. PDF

Kamata, N., A.M. Liebhold, D.T. Quiring, and K.M. Clancy (editors). 2006. Proceedings IUFRO Kanazawa 2003 International Symposium "Forest Insect Population Dynamics and Host Influences" Kanazawa University, Kanazawa. 176 pp. PDF

Turcani, M., J. Novotny, A.M. Liebhold, M. McManus. 2006. Preliminary Results on Predation of Gypsy Moth Pupae during a Period of Latency in Slovakia pp. 72-77 in: Proceedings IUFRO Kanazawa 2003 International Symposium "Forest Insect Population Dynamics and Host Influences" (N. Kamata, A.M. Liebhold, D.T. Quiring, and K.M. Clancy, editors) Kanazawa University, Kanazawa. 176 pp. PDF

Morin, R.S., A.M. Liebhold, K.W. Gottschalk, C.W. Woodall, D.B. Twardus, R.L. White, S.B. Horsley, T.E. Ristau, Todd E. 2006. Analysis of forest health monitoring surveys on the Allegheny National Forest (1998-2001). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-339. 102 pp. PDF

Brockerhoff, E.G, A.M. Liebhold, and H. Jactel. 2006. The ecology of forest insect invasions and advances in their management. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(2): 263-268. PDF

Okland, A.M. Liebhold, O.N. Bjornstad, N. Erbilgin, and P. Krokene. 2005. Are bark beetle outbreaks less synchronous than forest Lepidoptera outbreaks? Oecologia 146: 365–372 PDF

Liebhold, K.F. Raffa, A. Diss. 2005. Forest type affects predation on gypsy moth pupae. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 7: 179–185 PDF

Johnson, , D.M., A.M. Liebhold, O.N. Bjornstad, and M.L. McManus. 2005 Circumpolar variation in periodicity and synchrony among gypsy moth populations. J. Anim. Ecol. 74: 882–892 PDF

Koenig, W.D. and A.M. Liebhold. 2005. Effects of periodical cicada emergences on abundance and synchrony of avian populations. Ecology 86: 1873-1882 PDF

Morin, R.S., A.M. Liebhold, E.R. Luzader, A.J. Lister, K.W. Gottschalk and D.B. Twardus. 2004. Mapping Host-Species Abundance of Three Major Exotic Forest Pests. USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station Research Paper NE-726. PDF

Tobin, P.C., A.A. Sharov, A.M. Liebhold, D.S. Leonard, E.A. Roberts, and M.R. Learn. 2004. Management of the gypsy moth through a decision algorithm under the STS Project. American Entomologist 50: 200-209. PDF

Raimondo, S. , M. Turcáni, J. Patoèka, A.M. Liebhold,. 2004. Interspecific synchrony among foliage-feeding forest Lepidoptera species and the potential role of generalist predators as possible synchronizing agents. Oikos 107: 462-470. PDF

Elkinton, J.S., A.M. Liebhold, and R.M. Muzika. Effects of Alternative Prey on Predation by Small Mammals on Gypsy Moth Pupae. Population Ecology 46: 171-178 PDF

Johnson, D.M., O.N. Bjornstad, and A.M. Liebhold. 2004. Landscape geometry and traveling waves in the larch budmoth. Ecology Letters 7: 967–974 PDF

Liebhold, A.M., K.W. Gottschalk, J.M. Guldin, R.M. Muzika. 2004. Gypsy Moth defoliation potential in the Ozark / Ouachita Highlands. pp. 267-272 in: Guldin, James M., tech. comp. 2004. “Ouachita and Ozark Mountains symposium: ecosystem management research.” U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–74. 321 p PDF

Morin, R.S., A.M. Liebhold, K.W. Gottschalk. 2004. Area-Wide Analysis of Hardwood Defoliator Effects on Tree Conditions in the Allegheny Plateau. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 21:.31-39 PDF

Liebhold, A.M., W.D. Koenig and O.N. Bjornstad. 2004. Spatial Synchrony in Population Dynamics. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 35:467–90 PDF

Muzika, R.M., S.T. Grushecky, A.M. Liebhold and R.L. Smith. 2004. Using thinning as a management tool for gypsy moth: the influence on small mammal abundance. Forest Ecology and Management 192 349-359. PDF

Muzika, R.M., R.P. Guyette, T. Zielonka, and A.M. Liebhold. 2004. The influence of O3, NO2 and SO2 on growth of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica in the Carpathian Mountains. Environmental Pollution, 130: 65-71, 2004. PDF

Raimondo, S., A. M. Liebhold, J. S. Strazanac, and L. Butler. 2004. Spatial synchrony within and among Lepidoptera species: Patterns of synchrony in relation to climate, phylogeny, and larval phenology. Ecological Entomology. 29: 96-105. PDF

Liebhold, A., V. Sork, M. Peltonen, W. Koenig, O. Bjornstad, R. Westfall, J. Elkinton, J. Knops. 2004. Within-population spatial synchrony in mast seeding of North American oaks. Oikos 104: 156-164 PDF

McManus, Michael L., Liebhold, Andrew M., eds. 2003 Proceedings: Ecology, Survey, and Management of Forest Insects; 2002 September 1-5; Krakow, Poland. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station Gen.Tech. Rep. NE-311, 178p. PDF

Turcáni, M., A. Liebhold, M. McManus, and J. Novotny. 2003. Preliminary results on predation of gypsy moth egg masses in Slovakia. Pp. 115- 120 in: McManus, Michael L., Liebhold, Andrew M., (eds.) “Proceedings: Ecology, Survey, and Management of Forest Insects; 2002 September 1-5; Krakow, Poland”. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station Gen.Tech. Rep. NE-311, 178p. PDF

Liebhold, A. and J. Elkinton. 2003. Oak mast seeding as a direct cause of gypsy moth outbreaks? (a response to Selas) Population Ecology 45: 160-161. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. 2003. Alien species, agents of global change: Ecology and management of the gypsy moth in North America as a case history. Pp 71-75 in Proceedings International Symposium of the Kanazawa University 21st Century COE Program Volume 1 (Kamata, N, editor). Kanazawa University, Japan. PDF

Koenig, W.D. and A.M. Liebhold. Regional impacts of periodical cicadas on oak radial increment. Can. J. For. Res. 33: 1084-1089. PDF

Franklin, A.J., A.M. Liebhold, K. Murray, C. Donahue. 2003. Canopy herbivore community structure: large-scale geographical variation and relation to forest composition. Ecological Entomology 28: 278-290. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. and J. Bascompte. 2003. The allee effect, stochastic dynamics and the eradication of alien species. Ecology Letters 6: 133-140. PDF

Sharov, A.A., D.Leonard, A.M. Liebhold, and N.S. Clemens. (2002) Evaluation of Preventive Treatments in Low-Density Gypsy Moth Populations. J. Econ. Entomol. 95: 1205-1215. PDF

Peltonen, M., A.M. Liebhold, O.N. Bjornstad and D.W. Williams. 2002. Spatial Synchrony in Forest Insect Outbreaks: Roles of Regional Stochasticity and Dispersal. Ecology 83: 3120-3129. PDF

Muzika, R.M., R. Guyette, T. Zielonka and A. Liebhold. 2002. The influence of air pollution on tree growth in the Carpathain Mountains. Pp. 185-193 in “Effects of Air pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains R.C. Szaro, A. Bytnerowicz, and Július Oszlányi, eds.) IOS Press, Amsterdam.

Bjornstad, O.N. , M. Peltonen, A.M. Liebhold, W.Baltensweiler. 2002. Waves of Larch Budmoth Outbreaks in the European Alps. Science 298: 1020-1023. PDF online supplement

Sharov A.A.; Leonard D.; Liebhold A.M.; Roberts E.A.; Dickerson W. 2002. “Slow The Spread”: A National Program to Contain the Gypsy Moth. Journal of Forestry, 100: 30-36. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Gurevitch. 2002. Integrating the Statistical Analysis of Spatial Data in Ecology. Ecography 25: 553-557. PDF

Perry, J.N., A.M. Liebhold, M. S. Rosenberg, J. Dungan, M. Miriti, A. Jakomulska, and S. Citron-Pousty.2002. Illustrations and Guidelines for Selecting Statistical Methods for Quantifying Spatial Pattern in Ecological Data. Ecography 25: 578-600. PDF

Williams, D.W. and A.M. Liebhold. 2002. Climate change and the outbreak ranges of two North American bark beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 4: 87-100. PDF

Morin, R.S., A.M. Liebhold, K.W. Gottschalk, , R. Acciavatti, D. Twardus, R. White, S. Horsley, W. Smith. 2001. Forest Health Conditions on the Allegheny National Forest (1989-1999): Analysis of Forest Health Monitoring Surveys. USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection NA Technical Report NA-TP-04-01 PDF

Curriero, F.C., M.E. Hohn, A.M. Liebhold and S.R. Lele. 2002. A statistical evaluation of non-ergodic variogram estimators. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 9: 89-110. PDF

Buonaccorsi, J.P., J.S. Elkinton, S.R. Evans, and A.M. Liebhold. 2001. Measuring and testing for spatial synchrony. Ecology 82: 1668-1679. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., M.L. McManus, I.S. Otvos, S.L.C. Fosbroke (editors). 2001. Proceedings Integrated Management and Dynamics of Forest Defoliating Insects. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-277. 167 pp. PDF

Muzika, R.M. and A.M. Liebhold. 2001. Effects of Gypsy Moth Defoliation in Oak-Pine Forests in the Northeastern United States. Pp 117-123 in Liebhold, A.M., M.L. McManus, I.S. Otvos, S.L.C. Fosbroke (editors). “Proceedings Integrated Management and Dynamics of Forest Defoliating Insects” USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-277. PDF

Liebhold, A.,  J. Elkinton, D. Williams, R.-M. Muzika. 2000. What causes outbreaks of the gypsy moth in North America? Popul. Ecol. 42: 257-266. PDF

Liebhold, A., N. Kamata. 2000. Are population cycles and spatial synchrony a universal characteristic of forest insect populations? Popul Ecol 42: 205-209 PDF

Muzika, R.M, A.M. Liebhold, and M.J. Twery. 2000. Dynamics of Agrilus bilineatus (twolined chestnut borer) as influenced by Lymantria dispar L. (gypsy moth) defolation and selection thinning. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 2: 283-289. PDF

Williams, D. W., A. M. Liebhold (2000)  Spatial scale and the detection of density dependence in spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern North America. Oecologia 124:  544-552. PDF

Gottschalk, K.W. and A.M. Liebhold. 2000. How to reduce gypsy moth effects on central hardwood forests. Pp. 200-211 in “Transactions of the 65 North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference. (R.E. McCabe and S.E. Loos, eds.) Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, DC.

Williams, D.W. and A.M. Liebhold. 2000. Spatial synchrony of spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern North America. Ecology 81: 2753–2766. PDF

Elkinton, J.S., W.M. Healy, J.P. Buonaccorsi, and A.M. Liebhold. 2001. Gypsy Moths and Forest Dynamics. In:  'Oak Forest Ecosystems: Ecology and Management for Wildlife" edited by W. J. McShea and W. M. Healy, Johns Hopkins press.(in press)

Williams, D.W., R.P. Long, P.M. Wargo, and A.M. Liebhold. 2000. Effects of climate change on forest insect and disease outbreaks. pp. 455-494 in “Responses of northern U.S. forests to environmental change” (Mickler, R.A., Birdsey, R.A., Hom, J., eds.) Ecological Studies, Vol. 139. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Muzika, R.M. and A.M. Liebhold, 2000. “A critique of silvicultural approaches to managing defoliating insects in North America” Agricultural. and Forest Entomlogy 2: 97-105. PDF

Muzika, R.M, and A.M. Liebhold. 1999. Effects of gypsy moth defoliation on radial growth of host and non-host tree species. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 1365 -1373. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., R.M. Muzika, A.A. Sharov, and D.W. Williams. 1998. Landscape approaches to understanding gypsy moth population ecology. Recent Research Developments in Entomology 2: 87-102.

Liebhold, A. and M. McManus. 1999. The evolving use of insecticides in gypsy moth management. Journal of Forestry 97: 20-23.

Sharov, A.A. B.C. Pijanowski, A.M. Liebhold and S.H. Gage. 1999. What effects the rate of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantirriae spread: winter temperature or forest susceptibility? Agric. And For. Entomology 1: 37-45. PDF

Sharov, A. A., and A. M. Liebhold. 1998. Model of slowing the spread of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) with a barrier zone. Ecol. Appl. 8: 1170-1179. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., R.M. Muzika, , and K.W. Gottschalk. 1998. Does forest thinning affect gypsy moth dynamics? For. Sci. 27: 268-276. PDF

M.L. McManus and A.M. Liebhold, editors. 1998. Proceedings: Population Dynamics, Impacts, and Integrated Management of Forest Defoliating Insects. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-247.

Elkinton, J.S., W.M. Healy, J.P. Buonaccorsi, G. Boettner, H.R. Smith, and A.M. Liebhold. 1998. Gypsy moths, mice and acorns. Pp. 25-33  In M.L. McManus and A.M. Liebhold, editors. Proceedings: Population Dynamics, Impacts, and Integrated Management of Forest Defoliating Insects. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-247.

Sharov, A.A. and A.M. Liebhold. 1998. Bioeconomics of managing the spread of exotic pest species with barrier zones. Ecol. Appl. 8: 833-845. PDF

Sharov, A. A., A. M. Liebhold and E. A. Roberts. 1998. Optimizing the use of barrier zones to slow the spread of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in North America. J. Econ. Entomol. 91: 165-174.

Liebhold, A.M., G. Zhou, F.W. Ravlin, A. Roberts, and R. Reardon. 1998 Forecasting Gypsy Moth Defoliation with a Geographical Information System. J. Econ. Entomol. 91: 464-472.. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., Y. Higashiura, and A. Unno. 1998. Forest type affects predation on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae in Japan. Environ. Entomol. 27: 858-862. PDF

Grushecky, S.T., A.M.  Liebhold, R.Greer, and R.L. Smith 1998. Does Forest Thinning Affect Predation on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) Larvae and Pupae? Environmental Entomology 27: 268-276. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. and A.A. Sharov. 1998. Testing for correlation in the presence of spatial autocorrelation in insect count data. pp. 111-117 in J. Baumgartner, P. Brandmayr, and B.F.J. Manly, eds, “Population and Community Ecology for Insect Management and Conservation”. Balkema, Rotterdam. PDF

Sharov, A. A., and A. M. Liebhold. 1998.Quantitative analysis of gypsy moth spread in the Central Appalachians. pp. 99-110 in J. Baumgartner, P. Brandmayr, and B.F.J. Manly, eds, “Population and Community Ecology for Insect Management and Conservation”. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Liebhold, A.M., K.W. Gottschalk D.A. Mason, R.R. Bush. 1997. Evaluation of Forest Susceptibility to the Gypsy Moth across the Conterminous United States. J. Forestry 95: 20-24.

Gregoire, J.C.,  A.M. Liebhold, F.M. Stephen, K.R. Day, and S.M. Salom, editors. 1997. Proceedings IUFRO conference, Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-236.  243  pp.

Muzika, R.M, K.W. Gottschalk and A.M. Liebhold. 1997. Silvicultural methods of Lymantria dispar management: Effects on Agrilus bilineatus populations. Pp 9-14 In: "Proceedings IUFRO conference, "Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests" (J.C. Gregoire, A.M. Liebhold, F.M. Stephen, K.R. Day, and S.M. Salom, eds.).USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-236.

Sharov, A.A., A.M. Liebhold and E.A. Roberts. 1997. Spatial variation among counts of gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in pheromone-baited traps at the expanding front. Environ. Entomol 25: 1312-1320.

Sharov, A. A., A. M. Liebhold and E. A. Roberts. 1997. Correlation of counts of gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in pheromone traps with landscape characteristics. For. Sci. 43: 483-490.

Sharov, A. A., A. M. Liebhold and E. A. Roberts. 1997. Methods for monitoring the spread of gypsy moth (Lepidotperta: Lymantriidae) populations in the Appalachian Mountains. J. Econ. Entomol.  90: 1259-1266.

Williams, D.W. and A.M. Liebhold. 1997. Insect herbivore disturbance models. Pp. 113-114. In R. Birdsey et al. eds. USDA Forest Service Global Change Research Program Highlights: 1991-95. USDA For. Serv. Gen Tech Rep NE-237.

Sharov, A.A., A.M. Liebhold and E.A. Roberts. 1997. Gypsy moth spread in the Central Appalachians: Comparison of population boundaries obtained from male moth capture, egg mass counts, and defoliation records Environ. Entomol 24:  783-792.

Muzika, R.M. and A.M. Liebhold. 1997. Ecological effects of introduced species in North America. Acta Phyt. Entomol. Hung. 32: 161-170.

Williams, D. W., and A. M. Liebhold. 1997. Latitudinal shifts in spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) outbreaks and spruce-fir forest distributions with climate change. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 32: 205–215.

Liebhold, A.M., K.W. Gottschalk, E.R. Luzader, D.A. Mason, R. Bush and D.B. Twardus. 1997. Gypsy moth in the United States: An Atlas. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-233. 33 pp. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., K.W. Gottschalk, D.A. Mason, R.R. Bush. 1997. Evaluation of Forest Susceptibility to the Gypsy Moth across the Conterminous United States. J. Forestry 95: 20-24.

Williams, D.W. and A.M. Liebhold. 1997. Detection of delayed density dependence: reply to A. Berryman and P. Turchin. Ecology 78: 320-322.

Elkinton, J.S., W.M. Healy, J.P. Buonaccorsi, G.H. Boettner, A. Hazzard, A.M. Liebhold and H.R. Smith. 1996. Interactions among gypsy moths, white-footed mice, and acorns. Ecology 77: 2332-2342. PDF

Sharov, A. A., A. M. Liebhold, and E. A. Roberts. 1996. Spatial variation among counts of gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in pheromone-baited traps at expanding population fronts. Environ. Entomol.  25: 1312-1320.

Sharov, A. A., A. M. Liebhold, and E. A. Roberts. 1996. Spread of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in the Central Appalachians: Comparison of population boundaries obtained from male moth capture, egg mass counts, and defoliation records. Environ. Entomol. 25: 783-792.

Liebhold, A., E. Luzader, R. Reardon, A. Bullard, A. Roberts, F.W. Ravlin, S. DeLost, and B. Spears. 1996. Use of a geographical information system to evaluate regional treatment effects in a gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Management Program. J. Econ. Entomol. 17: 560-566. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., N. Kamata, and. T. Jacob.1996. Historical outbreaks of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motschulsky) in Japan: Periodicity, synchrony and Relationships with weather. Res. Popul. Ecol. 38: 87-94.

Zhou, G. and A.M. Liebhold. 1995. Forecasting gypsy moth defoliation with a geographical information system. Entomologae Sinica (China) 2: 83-94.

Williams, D.W. and A.M. Liebhold. 1995. Influence of weather on the synchrony of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) outbreaks in New England. Environ. Entomol.  24: 987-995

Williams, D.W. and A.M. Liebhold. 1995. Herbivorous insects and global change: potential changes in the spatial distribution of forest defoliator outbreaks. Journal of Biogeography 22: 665-671. PDF

Sharov, A.A., A.M. Liebhold and F.W. Ravlin. 1995. Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) mating success and predation on females. Environ. Entomol. 24: 1239-1244. PDF

Sharov, A.A., E.A. Roberts, F.W. Ravlin, and A.M. Liebhold. 1995. Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) spread in the Central Appalachians: Three methods for species boundary estimation. Environ. Entomol. 24: 1529-1538.

DeBenedictis, J.A., A.M. Liebhold and J.A. Powell. 1996. Studies of pheromone attraction and inheritance in the central Sierra Nevada, CA, using virgin females of Choristoneura spp. Univ. of Calif. Publications in Entomology 115: 153-165

Liebhold, A., G. Zhou, L. Gribko, and M. Hohn. 1995.  Models that Predict the Spatial Dynamics of Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar  (L.), pp. 491-498 in "Populations. in: Population Dynamics of Forest Insects", F. Haine and T. Payne (eds.) Ohio State University. 644 pp.

Liebhold, A.M., K.W. Gottschalk, R. Muzika, M.E. Montgomery, R. Young, K. O’Day, and B. Kelley. 1995. Suitability of North American Tree Species to the Gypsy Moth: A Summary of Field and Laboratory Tests. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-211.

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Williams, D.W., and A.M. Liebhold. 1995. Detection of delayed density dependence in ecological time series: effects of autocorrelation in an exogenous factor. Ecology 76: 1005-1008. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., J.S. Elkinton, G. Zhou, M.E. Hohn, R.E. Rossi, G.H. Boettner, C.W. Boettner, C. Burnham, and M.L. McManus. 1995.  Regional correlation of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) defoliation with counts of egg masses, pupae, and male moths. Environ. Entomol.24: 193-203.

Gribko, L.S.,  A.M. Liebhold, and M.E. Hohn. 1995. A model to predict gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) defoliation using kriging and logistic regression. Environ. Entomol. 24: 529-537. PDF

Zhou, G. and A.M. Liebhold. 1995 Forecasting the spatial dynamics of gypsy moth outbreaks using cellular transition models. Landscape Ecology 10: 177-189. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., W.L. Macdonald, D.Bergdahl, and V.C. Mastro. 1995. Invasion by Exotic Forest Pests: A Threat to Forest Ecosystems. Forest Science Monographs 30. 49 p. PDF

Williams, D.W., and A.M. Liebhold. 1995. Potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of forest defoliators under climate change. pp 509-513 in "Insects in a changing environment" (R. Harrington and N.E. Stork, eds.). Academic Press, London.

Williams, D.W. and A.M. Liebhold. 1995. Forest Insects and climatic change: potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of two defoliators. Environ. Entomol. 24: 1-9.

Lyons, D.B. and A. Liebhold 1994. Microclimate effect on the phenology of egg hatch of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). pp. 27-40 in “Diapause and Gypys Moth Management: Status, Applications, and Research” (J.A. Logan, T.M. Odell, D.R. Gray, eds.) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Techn. Rep. NE-193.

Liebhold, A., K. Thorpe, J. Ghent, D.B. Lyons. 1994. Gypsy moth egg mass sampling for decision-making: a users' guide.  USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Management. NA-TP-94-04. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. 1994. Use and Abuse of Insect and Disease Models in Forest Pest Management: Past, Present, and Future. pp. 204-210 in Proceedings "Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management", July 13-15, 1993, Flagstafff, AZ. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-247.

Liebhold, A. 1994. Analytical Population Dynamics by T. Royama.  American Entomologist 40: 119 (book review).

Liebhold, A.M. and R.E. Rossi. 1994. Three public-domain geostatistical software packages. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74: 340-343. (software review)

Liebhold, A.M., J.A. Halverson, G.A. Elmes and J. Quimby. 1994. Landscape characterization of gypsy moth susceptibility. Forest Science 40: 18-29. PDF

Hohn, M.E., A.M. Liebhold, L.S. Gribko. 1993. A geostatistical model for forecasting the spatial dynamics of defoliation caused by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environ. Entomol.  22: 1066-1077. PDF

Allen, J.C., J.L. Foltz, W.N. Dixon, A.M. Liebhold, J.J. Colbert, J. Regniere, D.R. Gray, J.W. Wilder and I. Christie. 1993. Will the gypsy moth become a pest in Florida? Florida Entomologist 76: 102-113

Liebhold, A.M. and H. Barrett, editors. 1993. Spatial Analysis and Forest Pest Managment. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-175

Elmes, G.A., A.M. Liebhold and M.J. Twery. 1993. Two approaches to landscape characterization of susceptibility to gypsy moth defoliation. pp. 172-183 in "Spatial Analysis and Forest Pest Managment" (A.M. Liebhold, H. Barrett, eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-175.

Liebhold, A.M., M.E. Hohn., and L.S. Gribko. 1993. Forecasting the spatial dynamics of gypsy moth defoliation using 3-D Kriging. pp 150-159 in "Spatial Analysis and Forest Pest Managment" (A.M. Liebhold, H. Barrett, eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-175.

Liebhold, A., E. Luzader, J. Halverson. 1993. The spatial dynamics of invasions by exotic forest pests. pp125-132 in "Spatial Analysis and Forest Pest Managment" (A.M. Liebhold, H. Barrett, eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-175.

Hohn, M.E., L.S. Gribko, and A.M. Liebhold. 1993. Forecasting gypsy moth defoliation with inidcator kriging. in Proc. IV International Congress of Geostatistics, Portugal.

Russo, J., A. Liebhold and J. Kelley. 1993. Mesoscale climatological data as input to a gypsy moth phenology model. J. Econ. Entomol. 22: 838-844.

Liebhold, A.M., E.E. Simons, A. Sior and J.D. Unger. 1993. Forecasting defoliation caused by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, from field measurements. Environ. Entomol. 22: 26-32

Liebhold, A.M., R.E. Rossi, and W.P. Kemp. 1993. Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insect ecology. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 38: 303-327. PDF

Liebhold, A.M., J. Halverson and G. Elmes. 1992. Quantitative Analysis of the Invasion of Gypsy Moth in North America. J. Biogeography. 19: 513-520 PDF

Liebhold, A.M. 1992. Are gypsy moth populations bimodal? Environ Entmol. 21: 221-229. PDF

Logan, J.A., R.A. Casagrande, and A.M. Liebhold. 1991. Modeling environment for simuation of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larval phenology. Environ. Entomol. 20: 1516-1525

Lyons, D.B. and A.M. Liebhold. 1992. Effect of Spatial distribution and hatch time of egg masses of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environ. Entomol. 21: 354-358.

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Elkinton. reply to Allan Berryman. Trends in Ecol. & Evol. 6: 263.

Liebhold, A.M., Zhang, X. M. Hohn, J.S. Elkinton, M. Ticehurst, G.L. Benzon, and R.W. Campbell. 1991. Geostatistical analysis of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, egg mass populations. Environ. Entomol. 20: 1407-1417.

Liebhold, A.M., D. Twardus, and J. Buonaccorsi. 1991. Evaluation of the timed-walk method of estimating gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) egg mass densities. J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 1774-1781.

Liebhold, A.M. and P.J. Silk. 1991 Capture of Choristoneura pinus maritima in traps baited with C. pinus pinus pheromone components. J. Lepidopt. 45: 172-173 .

Liebhold, A.M and M.L. McManus. 1991 Does Larval Dispersal Cause the Spread of Gypsy Moth Outbreaks? Northern J. Appl. For. 8: 95-98

Woods, S.A., J.S. Elkinton, K.D. Murray, A.M. Liebhold, J.R. Gould, and J.D. Podgwaite. 1991. Transmission dynamics of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and predicting mortality in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations. J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 423-430.

Liebhold, A.M., J.A. Halverson and G.A. Elmes. 1991. Use of a GIS to analyze and predict gypsy moth defoliation and range expansion. Proceedings of 1990 annual gypsy moth management review.

Liebhold, A.M., J.A. Halverson and G.A. Elmes. 1990. Using GIS to describe and analyze gypsy moth spatial dynamics. pp. 684-692 in Proceedings of Resource Technology 90. Amer. Soc. Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.

Liebhold, Andrew. 1990. Etienne Leopold Trouvelot, Gypsy Moth Perpetrator. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society. 35(3): 1-2.

Liebhold, A.M., J. Halverson, G. Elmes, and J. Hutchinson. Landscape ecology of gypsy moth in the Northeastern U.S. p. 113 in Proceedings of US Dept. Agric. Interagency Gypsy Moth Research Review 1990. (K.W. Gottschalk,, M.J. Twery, and S.I. Smith, eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-146. (ABSTRACT)

Liebhold, A.M. and J. Halverson. 1990. Simulating the spread of the gypsy moth generally infested area. AIPM Demonstration Project News 3:(5): 2-3.

Elkinton, J.R. Gould, C.S. Ferguson, A.M. Liebhold, and W.E. Wallner. 1990. Experimental Manipulation of gypsy moth density to assess impact of natural enemies. pp. 275-287 in: "Population Dynamics of Forest Insects: Proceedings of an International Symposium" (A.D. Watt et al., eds.). Intercept Scientific Publications

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Elkinton. 1990. Models of the spatial dynamics of epidemic gypsy moth populations. 1990. pp. 359-367 in: "Population Dynamics of Forest Insects: Proceedings of an International Symposium" (A.D. Watt et al., eds.). Intercept Scientific Publications.

Elkinton, J.S. and A.M. Liebhold. 1990. Population dynamics of gypsy moth in North America. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 35: 571-596

Liebhold, A.M. 1989. Etienne Leopold Trouvelot, perpetrator of our problem. Gypsy Moth News. No. 20: 8-9.

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Elkinton. 1989. Elevated parasitism in artificially augmented populations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environ. Entomol. 18: 986-995.

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Elkinton. 1989. Characterizing spatial patterns of gypsy moth regional defoliation. 1989. Forest Science. 35: 557-568.

Liebhold, A.M. 1989. A critical evaluation of the focal area hypothesis: quantitative analysis. in: Proc. 1988 Ann. Gypsy Moth Review, Dearborn, MI.

Liebhold, A., V. Mastro, and Paul W. Schaefer. 1989. Learning from the legacy of Leopold Trouvelot. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. 35: 20-21.

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Elkinton, J.S., J.R. Gould, A.M. Liebhold, H.R. Smith, W.E. Wallner. 1988. Are gypsy moth populations in North America regulated at low density? pp. 233-349 in: "The Lymantriidae: Old and New World Tussock Moths" (W. Wallner, ed.) USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-123.

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Elkinton. 1988. Spatial aspects of gypsy moth population dynamics. pp. 203-215 in: "The Lymantriidae: Old and New World Tussock Moths" (W. Wallner, ed.). USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-123.

Buonaccorsi, J.P. and A.M. Liebhold. 1988. Estimating the size of gypsy moth populations using ratios. in: "Estimating and analyzing insect populations" (L. McDonald, B. Manly, J. Lockwood & J. Logan, eds.). Springer Verlag, New York.

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Elkinton. 1988. Use of multi-dimensional life tables for studying insect population dynamics. in: "Estimating and analyzing insect populations" (L. McDonald, B. Manly, J. Lockwood & J. Logan, eds.). Springer Verlag, New York

Buonaccorsi, J. and A. Liebhold. 1988. Statistical Methods for estimation of ratios and products in ecological research. Environ. Entomol. 17: 572-580

Liebhold, A.M., J.S. Elkinton, D.R. Miller and Y.S. Wang. 1988. Estimating oak leaf area index and gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), defoliation using canopy photographs.  Environ. Entomol. 17: 560-566

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Elkinton. 1988. Estimating the density of larval Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), using frass drop and frass production measurements: sources of variation and sample size. Environ. Entomol. 17: 385-390. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. and J.S. Elkinton. 1988. Techniques for estimating the density of larval Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), using frass drop and frass production measurements. Environ. Entomol. 17: 381-384. PDF

Liebhold, A.M. 1986. Larval coloration of hybrids between Choristoneura occidentalis and C. retiniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 118: 857-860.

Liebhold, A.M., J.S. Elkinton and W.E. Wallner. 1986. Effect of burlap bands on between-tree movement of late instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environ. Entomol. 15: 373-379.

Liebhold, A.M., P. Berck, N. Williams, and D.L. Wood. 1986. Estimating and valuing western pine beetle impacts. Forest Science 32: 325-338.

Volney, W.J.A. and A.M. Liebhold. 1986. Post-diapause development of sympatric Choristoneura occidentalis, C. retiniana, (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and their hybrids. Can. Ent. 117:1479-1488.

Liebhold, A.M. and W.J.A. Volney. 1985. Effects of attractant composition and release rate on attraction of male Choristoneura retiniana, C. occidentalis and C. carnana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 117: 447-557.

Liebhold, A.M. 1984. Behavioral aspects of reproductive isolation between Choristoneura occidentalis and C. retiniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). PhD dissertation, Unversity of Calfornia, Berkeley. 135 pp.

Liebhold, A.M. and W.J.A. Volney. 1984. Effect of temporal factors on reproductive isolation between Choristoneura occidentalis and C. retiniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 116: 991-1005

Volney, W.J.A., A.M. Liebhold and W.E. Waters. 1984. Host associations, phenotypic variation, and mating compatibility of Choristoneura occidentalis and C. retiniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in south-central Oregon. Can. Ent. 116: 813-826.

Liebhold, A.M., W.J.A. Volney and W.E. Waters. 1984. Evaluation of cross-attraction between sympatric Choristoneura occidentalis and C. retiniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in south-central Oregon. Can. Ent. 116: 827-840.

Volney, W.J.A., A.M. Liebhold and W.E. Waters. 1983. Effects of temperature, sex and genetic background on coloration of Choristoneura  spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in south-central Oregon. Can. Ent. 115: 1583-1596.

Liebhold, A.M. and W.J.A. Volney. 1983. Effect of foliage proximity on attraction of Choristoneura occidentalis and C. retiniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to pheromone sources. J. Chem. Ecol. 10: 217-227

Volney, W.J.A., W.E. Waters, R.P. Akers and A.M. Liebhold. 1982. Variation in spring emergence patterns among Western Choristoneura spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in Southern Oregon. Can. Ent. 115: 199-209.

Liebhold , A.M., W.J.A. Volney and H.E. Schorn. 1982. An unidentified leaf mine in fossil Mahonia reticulata (Berberidaceae). Can. Ent. 114: 455